ʻO ka noi a me ke kūlana o nā mea hana daimana.

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana ola o nā kānaka, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pōhaku maoli (granite, marble), jade, pōhaku kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (pōhaku microcrystalline), ceramics, aniani, a me nā huahana ciment i nā hale a me nā hale. .Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻonaninani o nā mea i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani like ʻole, i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alanui a me nā alahaka.

Pono ka hana ʻana o kēia mau mea i nā ʻano mea hana daimana.

ʻO nā mea hana daimana i hana ʻia ma Kelemānia, Italia, Iapana, a me South Korea he nui nā ʻano, kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.ʻO kā lākou huahana kokoke e noho i ka hapa nui o ka mākeke hana pōhaku kiʻekiʻe.

I nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua ulu wikiwiki nā hui Kina e hana ana i nā mea hana daimana.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka nui o nā hui, kokoke i hoʻokahi kaukani hui e hana ana i nā mea hana daimana, me ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai makahiki ma mua o ʻumi mau piliona.Aia ma kahi o 100 mau mea hana daimana ma Danyang City ma Jiangsu Province, Shijiazhuang City ma Hebei Province, Ezhou City ma Hubei Province, Shuitou City ma Quanzhou City ma Fujian Province, Yunfu City ma Guangdong Province a me Shandong Province.Nui nā ʻoihana nui a nui e hana ana i nā mea hana daimana ma Kina, ʻaʻole ia e like me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua, a ʻoiaʻiʻo e lilo ia i kumu hoʻolako mea hana daimana o ka honua.He kūlana kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi o kekahi ʻano mea hana daimana ma Kina, a ua kauoha pū kekahi mau mea hana daimana kaulana i nā ʻāina ʻē i nā hui Kina e hana iā lākou.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā huahana i hana ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai.ʻOiai ʻo Kina e hoʻokuʻu aku i kahi helu nui o nā mea hana daimana, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a kapa ʻia ʻo "junk".ʻO nā huahana kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi e hui a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o nā huahana like ʻole o nā ʻāina ʻē, no ka mea, hana ʻia lākou ma Kina, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai aku ma ke kumu kūʻai maikaʻi, e pili nui ana i ke kiʻi o Kina.He aha ke kumu o kēia kūlana?I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻelua kumu nui.

ʻO kekahi ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka ʻenehana.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana hana daimana i ʻekolu mau pae a hiki i kēia manawa.ʻO ka pae mua, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka elemental e like me ka matrix a hoʻohui i nā daimana e hana i nā mea hana daimana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hui ʻana.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia kaʻina hana;Hiki ke maʻalahi ka kiʻekiʻe o ka sintering kiʻekiʻe i ka graphitization a hoʻemi i ka ikaika o ke daimana.Ma muli o ka hui pū ʻia ʻana o nā mea kupapaʻu like ʻole, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopili piha ʻia, a he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ke kupapaʻu i nā daimana, e paʻakikī ai ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka lua o ka pae, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka pre-alloyed e like me ka matrix a me ke kaʻina o ka hui ʻana o ke daimana e hana i nā mea hana daimana.No ka mea ua hoʻopili piha ʻia ka mea matrix a haʻahaʻa ka mahana sintering, ʻaʻole e hōʻemi kēia kaʻina hana i ka ikaika o ke daimana, e pale i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana, hana i kahi hopena encasement maikaʻi ma ka daimana, a hoʻokani maikaʻi ka hana daimana.ʻO nā mea hana daimana i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka pre-alloyed e like me ka matrix i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka attenuation lohi, a hiki ke hana i nā mea hana daimana kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ke kolu o ka pae, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka i hoʻohui ʻia e like me ka matrix, a me ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho (multi-layer, uniformly distributed diamond) ʻenehana no nā daimana.Aia kēia ʻenehana i nā pono ʻenehana o ka pauka pre-alloyed, a hoʻonohonoho i nā daimana i kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho pono, i hoʻohana pono ʻia kēlā me kēia daimana, a lanakila i ka hemahema o ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana o nā daimana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kaʻina hui ʻana i ka mīkini e hoʻopilikia nui i ka hana ʻoki. ., ʻO ia ka ʻenehana hou loa i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana daimana ma ka honua i kēia lā.E lawe i ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia 350mm daimana ʻoki ʻoki ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻenehana pae mua he 2.0m (100%), ʻo ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻenehana papa lua he 3.6m (piʻi i 180%), a ʻo ke kolu. pae ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻenehana he 5.5m (hoʻonui i 275%).Ma waena o nā hui e hana nei i nā mea hana daimana ma Kina, 90% ke hoʻohana nei i ka ʻenehana pae mua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 10% o nā hui e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana lua-pae, a hoʻohana nā hui pākahi i ka ʻenehana pae ʻekolu.ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana ma waena o nā hui mea hana daimana i kēia manawa ma Kina, hiki i kekahi mau hui ke hana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe.Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana i ka ʻenehana kuʻuna a i hope.

ʻO ka lua ka hoʻokūkū ʻino.ʻO nā mea hana daimana nā mea hoʻohana a makemake nui ʻia ma ka mākeke.Wahi a ka ʻenehana i kēia manawa o ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana daimana i ka pae mua, maʻalahi ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi ʻoihana mea hana daimana hou.I loko o kahi manawa pōkole, kokoke i hoʻokahi tausani mau hui e hana ana i nā mea hana daimana ma Kina.E lawe i ka maka maʻamau 105mm daimana ʻike ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ka papa huahana he'high-quality', ke kumu kūʻai ex-factory ma luna o 18 yuan, helu ʻia ma kahi o 10%;ʻO ka papa huahana he'standard', ʻo ke kumukūʻai ex-factory ma kahi o 12 yuan, helu no kahi o 50%;ʻO ka papa huahana he "economic", ʻo ke kumu kūʻai ex-factory ma kahi o 8 yuan, helu no kahi o 40%.ʻO kēia mau ʻano huahana ʻekolu i helu ʻia e like me ka awelika o ke kumukūʻai kaiaulu.ʻO ka palena waiwai o nā huahana 'kiʻekiʻe' hiki ke hōʻea ma mua o 30%, a ʻo ka palena waiwai o nā huahana 'standard' hiki ke hiki i 5-10%.ʻO nā kumukūʻai ex-factory o nā ʻoihana āpau ma lalo o 8 yuan, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 4 yuan.

No ka mea, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻenehana i ka pae o ka pae mua, a ua like ke ʻano o ka huahana, e hopu i ka māhele mākeke, pono lākou e hakakā no nā kumuwaiwai a me nā kumukūʻai.Loaʻa ʻoe iaʻu, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā kumukūʻai huahana.Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia mau huahana i nā mea nui.ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i ʻōlelo ʻia nā huahana Kina he 'junk'.Me ka hoʻololi ʻole i kēia kūlana, paʻakikī ke pale aku i nā friction kālepa.I ka manawa like, ʻo nā ʻoihana e hana ana i nā huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e kū nei i ka paʻakikī o ka mahalo RMB.

E lawe i ke ala o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, mālama i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻokuʻu.

ʻO ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana o Kina i nā ʻumi piliona yuan o nā mea hana daimana e hoʻopau ma kahi o 100,000 tons o ke kila, nā metala non-ferrous, 400 miliona grams o nā daimana, 600 miliona kWh o ka uila, 110,000 tons o nā mea hoʻopili, 52,000 tons o nā huila wili, a me 3,500 tona pena.ʻO nā huahana i hana ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka hapa waena a me nā huahana haʻahaʻa.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā huahana o nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia, aia kahi ākea nui.No ka laʻana, 105mm daimana ʻike maka, ʻoki maloʻo hoʻomau 20mm mānoanoa pāpaʻa pōhaku paʻakikī, ʻoki ʻia 40m ka lōʻihi.Hiki i ka ʻoki ʻana o nā huahana i nā ʻāina hoʻomohala ke hiki i 1.0 ~ 1.2m i hoʻokahi minuke.Hiki ke ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana maʻamau o Kina i 40m ka lōʻihi me ka ikaika ʻole, a hiki i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana maikaʻi ke hiki i 0.5 ~ 0.6m i kēlā me kēia minuke, a hiki ke ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana 'economic' ma lalo o 40m ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke neʻe hou, ʻo ka awelika. ʻO ka pono i kēlā me kēia minuke aia ma lalo o 0.3m.A ʻo kā mākou mau ʻāpana "kiʻekiʻe" liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka ʻoki ʻoki ke hiki i 1.0 ~ 1.5m i kēlā me kēia minuke.Hiki iā Kina ke hana i nā mea hana daimana kiʻekiʻe.Loaʻa i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi o ka ʻokiʻoki a hiki ke mālama i ka nui o ka ikehu a me nā hola kanaka ke hoʻohana ʻia.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana kiʻekiʻe a lōʻihi ke ola lawelawe.Hiki i ka pahi ʻike "kiʻekiʻe" hoʻokahi ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 3 a 4 mau maka "maʻamau" a i ʻole "hoʻokele waiwai".Ina ka daimana ike maka i hanaia ma Kina ua hoomaluia ma ka pae o ka 'kiʻekiʻe-koʻikoʻi' lau, hoʻokahi makahiki kūʻai loaʻa e wale mahuahua, aole e emi, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 50% o nā kumu waiwai hiki ke hoola ( hao, non-ferrous metala 50,000. tona, uwila 300 miliona Degere, 55,000 tona o na mea pahu, 26,000 tona huila wili, a me 1,750 tona pena).Hiki iā ia ke hoʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka lepo mai ka huila wili a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kinoea pena, a hoʻemi i ka haumia i ke kaiapuni.